The working principle of the compressor can be explained in detail as follows:

Compressor, as a fluid machinery, is mainly used to lift low-pressure gas into high-pressure gas. Its core function is to increase pressure, raising the suction pressure state to the exhaust pressure state. This process is mainly achieved through three main stages: suction, compression, and exhaust.

Inhalation stage: During the inhalation process, the piston (or other types of compression components, such as screws) of the compressor moves downward or rotates, expanding the volume of the cylinder. This causes external air or refrigerant gas to be sucked into the cylinder.

Compression stage: During the compression process, the piston (or screw) moves upwards or continues to rotate, reducing the volume of the cylinder. Due to the decrease in cylinder volume, the distance between gas molecules decreases, resulting in an increase in gas pressure. This process can be seen as an isentropic process, where the pressure and temperature of a gas increase without heat exchange.

Exhaust stage: When the gas pressure in the cylinder reaches or exceeds the pressure of the exhaust pipeline, the exhaust valve opens. At this point, the compressed gas is pushed out of the cylinder by the piston (or screw) and enters the exhaust pipeline until the piston (or screw) moves to the top dead center or completes rotation. During the exhaust process, the exhaust valve will remain open until the gas in the cylinder is completely discharged.

Different types of compressors (such as reciprocating compressors, screw compressors, centrifugal compressors, etc.) have different working principles, but the basic suction, compression, and exhaust processes are consistent.

Taking a screw compressor as an example, its working principle is to compress gas by rotating a pair of spiral shaped male and female rotors that mesh with each other inside the cylinder. Both rotors have several concave teeth and rotate in opposite directions to each other. The length and diameter of the rotor determine the displacement and pressure of the compressor.

Overall, the working principle of a compressor is to compress and increase the pressure of gas by changing its volume. This process is widely used in fields such as refrigeration, air conditioning, chemical engineering, and oxygen concentrators.